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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
"debnchas" expounded:
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/070710.htm And how many hundreds of thousands were spent to prove the obvious? Oh, that's right, it's only obvious to us 'armchair organic gardeners'. Ya. -- Ann e-mail address is not checked |
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
"Billy Rose" wrote in message "debnchas" wrote: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/070710.htm Hang on there pardner. You don't haver the only horse in the race. From the Aug. '07 Scienticic American, "A Return to the Roots". For many of us in affluent regions, our bath-room scales indicate that get more than enough to eat, which may lead some to believe that it is easy, perhaps too easy, for farmers to grow our food. On the conttrary, modern agriculture requires vast areas of land, along with regular infusions of water, energy and chemicals. Noting these resource demands, the 2005 United Nations-sponsored Millennium Ecosystem Assessment suggested that agriculture may be the ³largest threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function of any single human activity." Today most of humanity's food comes directly or indirectly (as animal feed) from cereal grains, legumes and oilseed crops. These staples are appealing to producers and consumers because they are easy to transport and store, relatively imperishable, and fairly high in protein and calories. As a result such crops occupy about 80 percent of global agricultural land. But they are all annual plants, must be grown anew from seeds every year, typically using resource-intensive cultivation methods. More troubling, the environmental degradation caused by agriculture will likely worsen as the hungry human population grows to eight billion or 10 billion in the coming decades. That is why a number of plant breeders, agronomists and ecologists are working to develop grain-cropping systems that will function much more like the natural ecosystems displaced by agriculture. The key to our collective success is transforming the major grain crops into perennials, which can live for many years. The idea, actually decades old, may take decades more to realize, but significant advances in plant-breeding science are bringing this goal within sight at last. Roots of the Problem Most of the farmers, inventors and scientists who have walked farm fields imagining how to overcome difficulties in cultivation probably saw agriculture through the lens or' its contemporary successes and failures. But in the 1970s Kansas plant geneticist Wes Jackson took a 10,00 year step into the past to agriculture with the natural systems that preceded it. Before humans boosted the abundance of annuals through domestication and Farming, mixtures of perennial plains dominated nearly all the planet's landscapes-as they still do in uncultivated areas today. More than 85 percent of North America's native plant species, for example, are perennials. Jackson observed that the perennial grasses and flowers of Kansas' tall-grass prairies were highly productive year after year, even as they built and maintained rich soils. They needed no fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides to thrive while fending off pests and disease. Water running off or through the prairie soils was clear, and wildlife was abundant. In contrast, Jackson saw that nearby fields of annual crops, such as maize, sorghum, wheat, sunflowers and soybeans, frequent and expensive care to remain productive. Because annuals have relatively shallow roots-most of which occur in the top 0.3 meter of soil-and live only until harvest, many farmed areas had problems with soil erosion, depletion of soil fertility or water contamination. Moreover, the eerily quiet farm fields were mostly barren of wildlife. In short, sustaining annual monocultures in so many places was the problem, and the solution lay beneath Jackson's boots: hardy and diverse perennial root systems. the approach used by people such as Masanobu Fukuoka priveliges both organic and no till techniques. A no till approach can be very organic, organic farming can be absolutely no till. He always claimed his yeilds matched that of any contemporary farm in Japan. No till & organic are not necessarily opposing regimes. rob |
#4
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
In article zHupi.671$zJ4.296@trndny03,
"debnchas" wrote: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/070710.htm Hang on there pardner. You don't haver the only horse in the race. From the Aug. '07 Scienticic American, "A Return to the Roots". For many of us in affluent regions, our bath-room scales indicate that get more than enough to eat, which may lead some to believe that it is easy, perhaps too easy, for farmers to grow our food. On the conttrary, modern agriculture requires vast areas of land, along with regular infusions of water, energy and chemicals. Noting these resource demands, the 2005 United Nations-sponsored Millennium Ecosystem Assessment suggested that agriculture may be the ³largest threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function of any single human activity." Today most of humanity's food comes directly or indirectly (as animal feed) from cereal grains, legumes and oilseed crops. These staples are appealing to producers and consumers because they are easy to transport and store, relatively imperishable, and fairly high in protein and calories. As a result such crops occupy about 80 percent of global agricultural land. But they are all annual plants, must be grown anew from seeds every year, typically using resource-intensive cultivation methods. More troubling, the environmental degradation caused by agriculture will likely worsen as the hungry human population grows to eight billion or 10 billion in the coming decades. That is why a number of plant breeders, agronomists and ecologists are working to develop grain-cropping systems that will function much more like the natural ecosystems displaced by agriculture. The key to our collective success is transforming the major grain crops into perennials, which can live for many years. The idea, actually decades old, may take decades more to realize, but significant advances in plant-breeding science are bringing this goal within sight at last. Roots of the Problem Most of the farmers, inventors and scientists who have walked farm fields imagining how to overcome difficulties in cultivation probably saw agriculture through the lens or' its contemporary successes and failures. But in the 1970s Kansas plant geneticist Wes Jackson took a 10,00 year step into the past to agriculture with the natural systems that preceded it. Before humans boosted the abundance of annuals through domestication and Farming, mixtures of perennial plains dominated nearly all the planet's landscapes-as they still do in uncultivated areas today. More than 85 percent of North America's native plant species, for example, are perennials. Jackson observed that the perennial grasses and flowers of Kansas' tall-grass prairies were highly productive year after year, even as they built and maintained rich soils. They needed no fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides to thrive while fending off pests and disease. Water running off or through the prairie soils was clear, and wildlife was abundant. In contrast, Jackson saw that nearby fields of annual crops, such as maize, sorghum, wheat, sunflowers and soybeans, frequent and expensive care to remain productive. Because annuals have relatively shallow roots-most of which occur in the top 0.3 meter of soil-and live only until harvest, many farmed areas had problems with soil erosion, depletion of soil fertility or water contamination. Moreover, the eerily quiet farm fields were mostly barren of wildlife. In short, sustaining annual monocultures in so many places was the problem, and the solution lay beneath Jackson's boots: hardy and diverse perennial root systems. ---------- Key Facts o Modern intensive land use quashes natural biodiversity and ecosystems. Meanwhile the population (human) will balloon to between eight billion and 10 billion in the coming decades, requiring that more acres be cultivated. o Replacing single-season crops with perennials would create large root systems capable of preserving the soil and would allow cultivation in areas currently considered marginal. o The challenge is monumental, but if plant scientists succeed, the achievement would rival humanity's original domestication of food crops over the past 10 millennia-and be just as revolutionary. -The Editors --------- If annual crops are problematic and natural ecosystems offer advantages, why do none ofour important grain crops have perennial roots? The answer lies in the origins of farming. When our Neolithic ancestors started harvesting seed-bearing plants near their settlements, several factors probably determined why they favored annuals. The earliest annuals to be domesticated, emmer wheat and wild barley, did have appealingly large seeds. And to ensure a reliable harvest every year, the first farmers would have replanted some of the seeds they collected. The characteristics of wild plants can vary greatly, however, so the seeds of plants with the most desirable traits, such as high yield, easy threshing and resistance to shattering, would have been favored. Thus, active cultivation and the unwitting application of evolutionary selection pressure quickly resulted in domesticated annual plants with more appealing qualities than their wild annual relatives. Although some perennial plants might also have had good-size seeds, they did not need to be replanted and so would not have been subjected to-or benefited from-the same selection process. Roots as Solution Today the traits of perennials are also becoming better appreciated. With their roots commonly exceeding depths of two meters, perennial plant communities are critical regulators of ecosystem functions, such as water management and carbon and nitrogen cycling. Although they do have to invest energy in maintaining enough underground tissue to survive the winter, perennial roots spring info action deep within the soil whenever temperatures are warm enough and nutrients and water are available. Their constant state of preparedness allows them to be highly productive yet resilient in the face of environmental stress. environinental stresses. In a century-long study of factors affecting soil erosion, timothy grass, a perennial hay crop, proved roughly 54 times more effective in maintaining topsoil than annual crops did. Scientists have also documented a five fold reduction in water loss and a 35-fold reduction in nitrate loss from soil planted with alfalfa and mixed perennial grasses as compared with soil under corn and soybeans. Greater root depths and longer growing seasons also let perennials boost their sequestration of carbon, the main ingredient of soil organic matter, by 50 percent or more as compared with annually cropped fields. Because they do no! need to be replanted every year, perennials require fewer passes of farm machinery and fewer inputs of pesticides and fertilizers as well, which reduces fossil-fuel use. The plants thus lower the amount ol' carbon dioxide in the air while improving the soil's fertility. Herbicide costs for annual crop production may be four to 8.5 times the herbicide costs for perennial crop prodiiclion, so fewer inputs in perennial systems mean lower cash expenditures for the farmer. Wildlife also benefits: bird populations, for instance, have been shown to be seven times more dense in perennial crop fields than in annual crop fields. Perhaps most important for a hungry world, perennials are far more capable of sustainable cultivation on marginal lands, which already have poor soil quality or which would be quickly depleted by a few years of intensive annual cropping. For all these reasons, plant breeders in the U.S. and elsewhere have initiated research and breeding programs over the past five years to develop wheat, sorghum, sunflower, intermediate wheatgrass and other species as perennial grain crops. When compared with research devoted to annual crops, perennial grain development is still in the toddler stage . Taking advantage of the significant advances in plant breeding over the past two or three decades, however, will make the large-scale development of high-yield perennial grain crops feasible within the next 25 to 50 years. Perennial crop developers are employing essentially the same two methods as those used by many other agricultural scientists: direct domestication of wild plants and hybridization of existing annual crop plants with their wild relatives. These techniques are potentially complementary, but each presents a distinct set of challenges and advantagess as well. ---------- The entire article is in the Aug. '07 Scienticic American, now at your newstands ot it will be posted on the Scienticic American web site in a month or two. -- Billy http://angryarab.blogspot.com/ |
#5
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
"Billy Rose" wrote in message ... In article , "George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message "debnchas" wrote: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/070710.htm Hang on there pardner. You don't haver the only horse in the race. From the Aug. '07 Scienticic American, "A Return to the Roots". Today most of humanity's food comes directly or indirectly (as animal feed) from cereal grains, legumes and oilseed crops. These staples are appealing to producers and consumers because they are easy to transport and store, relatively imperishable, and fairly high in protein and calories. As a result such crops occupy about 80 percent of global agricultural land. But they are all annual plants, must be grown anew from seeds every year, typically using resource-intensive cultivation methods. More troubling, the environmental degradation caused by agriculture will likely worsen as the hungry human population grows to eight billion or 10 billion in the coming decades. That is why a number of plant breeders, agronomists and ecologists are working to develop grain-cropping systems that will function much more like the natural ecosystems displaced by agriculture. The key to our collective success is transforming the major grain crops into perennials, which can live for many years. The idea, actually decades old, may take decades more to realize, but significant advances in plant-breeding science are bringing this goal within sight at last. Roots of the Problem Most of the farmers, inventors and scientists who have walked farm fields imagining how to overcome difficulties in cultivation probably saw agriculture through the lens or' its contemporary successes and failures. But in the 1970s Kansas plant geneticist Wes Jackson took a 10,00 year step into the past to agriculture with the natural systems that preceded it. Before humans boosted the abundance of annuals through domestication and Farming, mixtures of perennial plains dominated nearly all the planet's landscapes-as they still do in uncultivated areas today. More than 85 percent of North America's native plant species, for example, are perennials. Jackson observed that the perennial grasses and flowers of Kansas' tall-grass prairies were highly productive year after year, even as they built and maintained rich soils. They needed no fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides to thrive while fending off pests and disease. Water running off or through the prairie soils was clear, and wildlife was abundant. the approach used by people such as Masanobu Fukuoka priveliges both organic and no till techniques. A no till approach can be very organic, organic farming can be absolutely no till. He always claimed his yeilds matched that of any contemporary farm in Japan. No till & organic are not necessarily opposing regimes. rob Wasn't my intent to claim exclusivity. I am just fascinated by Jackson's change of paradigm from annual to perennial. Additionally, the following paragraph must resonate with anyone who read Gun, Germs, and Steel by Jerod Diamond. From the number of months it was number one the NY Times best seller list, not too many people could have escaped it. yes, I realise you were not necessarily talking about opposing paradigms. If anything it was probably the original source article that differentiated between organic & no-till, with the latter denoted as chemical spray & synthetic fertiliser dependant. Fukuoka absolutely practised organic based no-till. In his view the ultimate way to grow, 'natural farming' or 'do nothing' farming. The matter of crop selection is also interested, and makes some sense as to how our forebears selectively bred crops. Perennials are still chosen by backyard gardeners though. Asparagus for example. rob |
#6
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
In article ,
"George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message "debnchas" wrote: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/070710.htm Hang on there pardner. You don't haver the only horse in the race. From the Aug. '07 Scienticic American, "A Return to the Roots". Today most of humanity's food comes directly or indirectly (as animal feed) from cereal grains, legumes and oilseed crops. These staples are appealing to producers and consumers because they are easy to transport and store, relatively imperishable, and fairly high in protein and calories. As a result such crops occupy about 80 percent of global agricultural land. But they are all annual plants, must be grown anew from seeds every year, typically using resource-intensive cultivation methods. More troubling, the environmental degradation caused by agriculture will likely worsen as the hungry human population grows to eight billion or 10 billion in the coming decades. That is why a number of plant breeders, agronomists and ecologists are working to develop grain-cropping systems that will function much more like the natural ecosystems displaced by agriculture. The key to our collective success is transforming the major grain crops into perennials, which can live for many years. The idea, actually decades old, may take decades more to realize, but significant advances in plant-breeding science are bringing this goal within sight at last. Roots of the Problem Most of the farmers, inventors and scientists who have walked farm fields imagining how to overcome difficulties in cultivation probably saw agriculture through the lens or' its contemporary successes and failures. But in the 1970s Kansas plant geneticist Wes Jackson took a 10,00 year step into the past to agriculture with the natural systems that preceded it. Before humans boosted the abundance of annuals through domestication and Farming, mixtures of perennial plains dominated nearly all the planet's landscapes-as they still do in uncultivated areas today. More than 85 percent of North America's native plant species, for example, are perennials. Jackson observed that the perennial grasses and flowers of Kansas' tall-grass prairies were highly productive year after year, even as they built and maintained rich soils. They needed no fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides to thrive while fending off pests and disease. Water running off or through the prairie soils was clear, and wildlife was abundant. the approach used by people such as Masanobu Fukuoka priveliges both organic and no till techniques. A no till approach can be very organic, organic farming can be absolutely no till. He always claimed his yeilds matched that of any contemporary farm in Japan. No till & organic are not necessarily opposing regimes. rob Wasn't my intent to claim exclusivity. I am just fascinated by Jackson's change of paradigm from annual to perennial. Additionally, the following paragraph must resonate with anyone who read Gun, Germs, and Steel by Jerod Diamond. From the number of months it was number one the NY Times best seller list, not too many people could have escaped it. "The earliest annuals to be domesticated, emmer wheat and wild barley, did have appealingly large seeds. And to ensure a reliable harvest every year, the first farmers would have replanted some of the seeds they collected. The characteristics of wild plants can vary greatly, however, so the seeds of plants with the most desirable traits, such as high yield, easy threshing and resistance to shattering, would have been favored. Thus, active cultivation and the unwitting application of evolutionary selection pressure quickly resulted in domesticated annual plants with more appealing qualities than their wild annual relatives. Although some perennial plants might also have had good-size seeds, they did not need to be replanted and so would not have been subjected to-or benefited from-the same selection process." Now if we could just get this parasite of a government off our backs, we might have hope. FB - FFF -- Billy http://angryarab.blogspot.com/ |
#7
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
In article ,
"George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message ... In article , "George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message "debnchas" wrote: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/070710.htm Hang on there pardner. You don't haver the only horse in the race. From the Aug. '07 Scienticic American, "A Return to the Roots". Today most of humanity's food comes directly or indirectly (as animal feed) from cereal grains, legumes and oilseed crops. These staples are appealing to producers and consumers because they are easy to transport and store, relatively imperishable, and fairly high in protein and calories. As a result such crops occupy about 80 percent of global agricultural land. But they are all annual plants, must be grown anew from seeds every year, typically using resource-intensive cultivation methods. More troubling, the environmental degradation caused by agriculture will likely worsen as the hungry human population grows to eight billion or 10 billion in the coming decades. That is why a number of plant breeders, agronomists and ecologists are working to develop grain-cropping systems that will function much more like the natural ecosystems displaced by agriculture. The key to our collective success is transforming the major grain crops into perennials, which can live for many years. The idea, actually decades old, may take decades more to realize, but significant advances in plant-breeding science are bringing this goal within sight at last. Roots of the Problem Most of the farmers, inventors and scientists who have walked farm fields imagining how to overcome difficulties in cultivation probably saw agriculture through the lens or' its contemporary successes and failures. But in the 1970s Kansas plant geneticist Wes Jackson took a 10,00 year step into the past to agriculture with the natural systems that preceded it. Before humans boosted the abundance of annuals through domestication and Farming, mixtures of perennial plains dominated nearly all the planet's landscapes-as they still do in uncultivated areas today. More than 85 percent of North America's native plant species, for example, are perennials. Jackson observed that the perennial grasses and flowers of Kansas' tall-grass prairies were highly productive year after year, even as they built and maintained rich soils. They needed no fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides to thrive while fending off pests and disease. Water running off or through the prairie soils was clear, and wildlife was abundant. the approach used by people such as Masanobu Fukuoka priveliges both organic and no till techniques. A no till approach can be very organic, organic farming can be absolutely no till. He always claimed his yeilds matched that of any contemporary farm in Japan. No till & organic are not necessarily opposing regimes. rob Wasn't my intent to claim exclusivity. I am just fascinated by Jackson's change of paradigm from annual to perennial. Additionally, the following paragraph must resonate with anyone who read Gun, Germs, and Steel by Jerod Diamond. From the number of months it was number one the NY Times best seller list, not too many people could have escaped it. yes, I realise you were not necessarily talking about opposing paradigms. If anything it was probably the original source article that differentiated between organic & no-till, with the latter denoted as chemical spray & synthetic fertiliser dependant. Fukuoka absolutely practised organic based no-till. In his view the ultimate way to grow, 'natural farming' or 'do nothing' farming. The matter of crop selection is also interested, and makes some sense as to how our forebears selectively bred crops. Perennials are still chosen by backyard gardeners though. Asparagus for example. rob George, as you may have guess, you are preaching to the choir. However, we do have a poster among us, John Bachman, who says that "on occasion" he would use chemicals. I believe in getting all the information possible before making a decision and I would query John as well anyone else whose opinion I respected. That said, part of the point was to have as few inputs as possible. Perennial plants would only improve the situation. FB - FFF -- Billy http://angryarab.blogspot.com/ |
#8
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
"Billy Rose" wrote in message ... In article , "George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message ... In article , "George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message "debnchas" wrote: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2007/070710.htm Hang on there pardner. You don't haver the only horse in the race. From the Aug. '07 Scienticic American, "A Return to the Roots". Today most of humanity's food comes directly or indirectly (as animal feed) from cereal grains, legumes and oilseed crops. These staples are appealing to producers and consumers because they are easy to transport and store, relatively imperishable, and fairly high in protein and calories. As a result such crops occupy about 80 percent of global agricultural land. But they are all annual plants, must be grown anew from seeds every year, typically using resource-intensive cultivation methods. More troubling, the environmental degradation caused by agriculture will likely worsen as the hungry human population grows to eight billion or 10 billion in the coming decades. That is why a number of plant breeders, agronomists and ecologists are working to develop grain-cropping systems that will function much more like the natural ecosystems displaced by agriculture. The key to our collective success is transforming the major grain crops into perennials, which can live for many years. The idea, actually decades old, may take decades more to realize, but significant advances in plant-breeding science are bringing this goal within sight at last. Roots of the Problem Most of the farmers, inventors and scientists who have walked farm fields imagining how to overcome difficulties in cultivation probably saw agriculture through the lens or' its contemporary successes and failures. But in the 1970s Kansas plant geneticist Wes Jackson took a 10,00 year step into the past to agriculture with the natural systems that preceded it. Before humans boosted the abundance of annuals through domestication and Farming, mixtures of perennial plains dominated nearly all the planet's landscapes-as they still do in uncultivated areas today. More than 85 percent of North America's native plant species, for example, are perennials. Jackson observed that the perennial grasses and flowers of Kansas' tall-grass prairies were highly productive year after year, even as they built and maintained rich soils. They needed no fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides to thrive while fending off pests and disease. Water running off or through the prairie soils was clear, and wildlife was abundant. the approach used by people such as Masanobu Fukuoka priveliges both organic and no till techniques. A no till approach can be very organic, organic farming can be absolutely no till. He always claimed his yeilds matched that of any contemporary farm in Japan. No till & organic are not necessarily opposing regimes. rob Wasn't my intent to claim exclusivity. I am just fascinated by Jackson's change of paradigm from annual to perennial. Additionally, the following paragraph must resonate with anyone who read Gun, Germs, and Steel by Jerod Diamond. From the number of months it was number one the NY Times best seller list, not too many people could have escaped it. yes, I realise you were not necessarily talking about opposing paradigms. If anything it was probably the original source article that differentiated between organic & no-till, with the latter denoted as chemical spray & synthetic fertiliser dependant. Fukuoka absolutely practised organic based no-till. In his view the ultimate way to grow, 'natural farming' or 'do nothing' farming. The matter of crop selection is also interested, and makes some sense as to how our forebears selectively bred crops. Perennials are still chosen by backyard gardeners though. Asparagus for example. rob George, as you may have guess, you are preaching to the choir. indeed, just thought I could significantly enrich the discussion by pointing out the bleedin obvious. In addition I wanted to announce to everyone that I have read Fukuokas work, being the know all that I am. Of a more serious note mind, those who haven't read his stuff may be interested & can have a look at http://www.fukuokafarmingol.info/ and http://groups.yahoo.com/group/fukuoka_farming/files/ The yahoo group has a downloadable copy of his book One Straw Revolution which is worth a read. There is also some stuff by Jared Diamond that looks worthwhile. Diamond wrote "Collapse-How societeies choose to succeed or fail". I read that earlier this year & found it a good read. rob |
#9
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
"Billy Rose" wrote in message ... In article , "George.com" wrote: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/fukuoka_farming/files/ Thanks for the heads up. So much reading and so little time. the one straw revolution will only take a few evenings read, it is quite a simple book. |
#10
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
In article ,
"George.com" wrote: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/fukuoka_farming/files/ Thanks for the heads up. So much reading and so little time. FB - FFF -- Billy http://angryarab.blogspot.com/ |
#11
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
In article ,
"George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message ... In article , "George.com" wrote: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/fukuoka_farming/files/ Thanks for the heads up. So much reading and so little time. the one straw revolution will only take a few evenings read, it is quite a simple book. I just wish signing-up for Yahoo Groups was simple. It's a pain in the back side. BF - FFF -- Billy http://angryarab.blogspot.com/ |
#12
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
In article , Charlie wrote:
On Sat, 28 Jul 2007 08:39:07 -0700, Billy Rose wrote: In article , "George.com" wrote: "Billy Rose" wrote in message ... In article , "George.com" wrote: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/fukuoka_farming/files/ Thanks for the heads up. So much reading and so little time. the one straw revolution will only take a few evenings read, it is quite a simple book. I just wish signing-up for Yahoo Groups was simple. It's a pain in the back side. BF - FFF Want to test this out? Sounds on the up and up. http://multiversitylibrary.com/download.jsp?bookID=37 Charlie OK, I'm intimidated. What does, "sounds" on the up and up, mean? I've already jumped through one hoop today. If my email doesn't choke on spam, I may try it again. La seule chose, j'ai a craindre, c'est que le ciel tombe sur le tete. -- FB - FFF Billy http://angryarab.blogspot.com/ |
#13
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Organic Farming Beats No-Till?
In article , Charlie wrote:
On Sat, 28 Jul 2007 13:02:53 -0700, Billy Rose wrote: Want to test this out? Sounds on the up and up. http://multiversitylibrary.com/download.jsp?bookID=37 Charlie OK, I'm intimidated. What does, "sounds" on the up and up, mean? I've already jumped through one hoop today. If my email doesn't choke on spam, I may try it again. La seule chose, j'ai a craindre, c'est que le ciel tombe sur le tete. It's just that I'm always hesitant to enter any of my information on any line, paper or electron. It actually looks like a good deal. They claim that they will remove any publication that proves to be in or back in print. Take a chance, man. I wanna see if it works for you. If you show back up with a bandage on your head, I'll know it wasn't ok! Hell, I wasn't about to give yoohoo me information. g'luck Charlie Fine, I'll do it. Uh, first though hold these two wires. . . . . Feel anything? -- FB - FFF Billy http://angryarab.blogspot.com/ |
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