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In article m,
Tim Challenger "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" writes:
|
| The WHO thinks that good medical care, vigilant surveillance and chilly
| winters will prevent malaria from re-establishing itself in northern
| Europe, despite the existence of mosquito species able to carry it.

What that does not say is that there are few places that it could
restablish even if ALL of those fail. The epidemiology requires
that there be a sufficient population of both stages of host (i.e.
mammals and mosquitoes). The former are present in the UK in
an ample supply, but there are VERY few areas where there is
enough standing water to restablish a sufficiently large mosquito
population for malaria to reestablish.

It isn't a serious threat to the UK until and unless there is a
complete collapse of society's infrastructure. The same may well
not be true for (say) Sweden or Finland, despite their much colder
winters.


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.

In article m,
Tim Challenger "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" writes:
| On 29 Mar 2004 09:26:26 GMT, Nick Maclaren wrote:
|
| The very idea of licking roads clean! That implies that they were
| surfaced - if you tried that where I was, you would have had to
| lick down to the bedrock.
|
| ... an'd you try tellin' that t' the yungsters of today, An' they won't
| believe you. ;-)

Very true - they don't, and it was true :-)

| Sorry, just to difficult to resist. Any excuse for a Monty Python sketch.

Life is a mere reflection of such things.


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.

On Mon, 29 Mar 2004 09:52:37 +0100, Mary Fisher wrote:

"Tim Challenger" "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" wrote in message
s.com...
On 26 Mar 2004 17:26:55 GMT, Nick Maclaren wrote:

You youngsters are just wimps. Where and when I was born, there

...were 120 of us, livin' in a septic tank. And in the mornin' we 'ad to
get up an' lick 'road clean wit' tongues. ;-)

You had clean roads?

There's posh!

They were clean, aye, but cuvver'd in dribble.

--
Tim C.

|
| They were clean, aye, but cuvver'd in dribble.

The very idea of licking roads clean! That implies that they were
surfaced - if you tried that where I was, you would have had to
lick down to the bedrock.


Returning to a more 'factual' comment. At the Historic Motor Museum at
Gaydon (which is a circular building), all around the outside edge of the
ground floor, is the history of the motor car and road surface. Starting
with dusty tracks and with the appropriate cars on them, leading up to
present day, through road signs or the era, MOT's etc etc etc. Makes very
interesting viewing

Not any more, and not yet. Let's hope. It's getting closer though.
Oliver Cromwell died of malaria.

I'll get my coat, this is where I came in....


before or after Oliver Cromwell died?

Were you there when he died?

Could you be responsible for his death?

Please don't leave, we may have some questions we would like you to answer.

"Mike" wrote in message
...
|
| They were clean, aye, but cuvver'd in dribble.

The very idea of licking roads clean! That implies that they were
surfaced - if you tried that where I was, you would have had to
lick down to the bedrock.


Returning to a more 'factual' comment. At the Historic Motor Museum at
Gaydon (which is a circular building),

Is that relevant?

all around the outside edge of the
ground floor, is the history of the motor car and road surface. Starting
with dusty tracks and with the appropriate cars on them, leading up to
present day, through road signs or the era, MOT's etc etc etc. Makes very
interesting viewing

Roads have been around for a lot longer than motor cars.

and before roads there were far, far older tracks ...

.... even before Man sullied Earth.

Mary

In article m,
Tim Challenger "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" writes:
| On Mon, 29 Mar 2004 09:52:37 +0100, Mary Fisher wrote:
|
| You youngsters are just wimps. Where and when I was born, there
|
| ...were 120 of us, livin' in a septic tank. And in the mornin' we 'ad to
| get up an' lick 'road clean wit' tongues. ;-)
|
| You had clean roads?
|
| There's posh!
|
| They were clean, aye, but cuvver'd in dribble.

The very idea of licking roads clean! That implies that they were
surfaced - if you tried that where I was, you would have had to
lick down to the bedrock.


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.

"Tim Challenger" "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" wrote in message
s.com...


Texans love air conditioning. They
live for much of the year with all their doors and windows closed.

Call that living?

Mary

Returning to a more 'factual' comment. At the Historic Motor Museum at
Gaydon (which is a circular building),

Is that relevant?

Yes because the route, story, call it what you will, is a continuous one
without going up and down rows. Very clever the way they have done it.

all around the outside edge of the
ground floor, is the history of the motor car and road surface. Starting
with dusty tracks and with the appropriate cars on them, leading up to
present day, through road signs or the era, MOT's etc etc etc. Makes
very
interesting viewing

Roads have been around for a lot longer than motor cars.

agreed.


and before roads there were far, far older tracks ...

I remember them well ;-}


... even before Man sullied Earth.

now that 'was' before my time.


Mary

Just to put the potential risk in perspective, here are two excerpts from
New Scientist magazine of an interview with Paul Reiter, chief entomologist
at the US government's dengue research lab in Puerto Rico.

**New Scientist vol 167 issue 2257 - 23 September 2000, page 41

First of all, most people think of malaria as a tropical disease. That's
completely wrong. Until very recently it was widespread in Europe and North
America. In the 1880s, virtually all the US was malarious, and even parts
of Canada. When the organisation I work for, the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), was founded in 1946, its principal mission
was to eradicate malaria from the US. In Europe, the disease was endemic as
far north as Norway, Sweden and Finland. In the 1920s, epidemics killed
hundreds of thousands in the Soviet Union, right up to the Arctic Circle.
One of the last European countries to be freed of the disease was Holland.
That was in 1970.

....

Why did malaria decline in the northern hemisphere?

In some places, it was drainage schemes, insecticides, anti-malarial
medicines, and so on. But the most important factors were complex changes
in the way people lived, which reduced their contact with mosquitoes. You
can see this even today. For example, Texans love air conditioning. They
live for much of the year with all their doors and windows closed.
**



and from New Scientist vol 163 issue 2204 - 18 September 1999, page Page 13

**
In Turkey, malaria was almost eliminated by 1989. But a major irrigation
project in the southeast of the country caused cases to jump nearly tenfold
between 1990 and 1994. A massive effort to control that epidemic is almost
solely responsible for a fall in the total number of cases in Europe since
1996, but the control is tenuous. Turkey's tourist boom means that malaria
could start to pose a risk for western Europe.

The WHO thinks that good medical care, vigilant surveillance and chilly
winters will prevent malaria from re-establishing itself in northern
Europe, despite the existence of mosquito species able to carry it.

But the species that live in southern Europe are better at maintaining the
parasite. There were outbreaks of malaria that were spread by local
mosquitoes in Corsica in 1970, and in Bulgaria in 1995, while in 1997 an
Italian caught the disease from a local mosquito.

"The risk for the reappearance of the disease in some areas of southern
Europe, where more efficient vectors are present, is real," warns the WHO.
**

--
Tim C.

In article ,
"Mike" writes:
|
| The very idea of licking roads clean! That implies that they were
| surfaced - if you tried that where I was, you would have had to
| lick down to the bedrock.
|
| Returning to a more 'factual' comment. ...

I am afraid that you are factually incorrect, again.


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.

On 29 Mar 2004 09:26:26 GMT, Nick Maclaren wrote:

In article m,
Tim Challenger "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" writes:
| On Mon, 29 Mar 2004 09:52:37 +0100, Mary Fisher wrote:
|
| You youngsters are just wimps. Where and when I was born, there
|
| ...were 120 of us, livin' in a septic tank. And in the mornin' we 'ad to
| get up an' lick 'road clean wit' tongues. ;-)
|
| You had clean roads?
|
| There's posh!
|
| They were clean, aye, but cuvver'd in dribble.

The very idea of licking roads clean! That implies that they were
surfaced - if you tried that where I was, you would have had to
lick down to the bedrock.

.... an'd you try tellin' that t' the yungsters of today, An' they won't
believe you. ;-)

Sorry, just to difficult to resist. Any excuse for a Monty Python sketch.
--
Tim C.

"Mike" wrote in message
...


Returning to a more 'factual' comment. At the Historic Motor Museum at
Gaydon (which is a circular building),

Is that relevant?

Yes because the route, story, call it what you will, is a continuous one
without going up and down rows. Very clever the way they have done it.

It might well be a superb design concept but it's not relevant to the rest
of the post.

Mary

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Xref: kermit uk.rec.gardening:193857


In article m,
Tim Challenger "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" writes:
|
| The WHO thinks that good medical care, vigilant surveillance and chilly
| winters will prevent malaria from re-establishing itself in northern
| Europe, despite the existence of mosquito species able to carry it.

What that does not say is that there are few places that it could
restablish even if ALL of those fail. The epidemiology requires
that there be a sufficient population of both stages of host (i.e.
mammals and mosquitoes). The former are present in the UK in
an ample supply, but there are VERY few areas where there is
enough standing water to restablish a sufficiently large mosquito
population for malaria to reestablish.

It isn't a serious threat to the UK until and unless there is a
complete collapse of society's infrastructure. The same may well
not be true for (say) Sweden or Finland, despite their much colder
winters.


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.

In article m,
Tim Challenger "timothy(dot)challenger(at)apk(dot)at" writes:
| On 29 Mar 2004 09:26:26 GMT, Nick Maclaren wrote:
|
| The very idea of licking roads clean! That implies that they were
| surfaced - if you tried that where I was, you would have had to
| lick down to the bedrock.
|
| ... an'd you try tellin' that t' the yungsters of today, An' they won't
| believe you. ;-)

Very true - they don't, and it was true :-)

| Sorry, just to difficult to resist. Any excuse for a Monty Python sketch.

Life is a mere reflection of such things.


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.