Anil Kaushik wrote:

Billy

Thank you for refreshing my knowledge on these three points. As far the toxins,
a few years ago one Professor from Punjab Agriculture University gave a talk on
fertilizers and manures for plants. During that comprehensive talk he had said
that when the manure starts fermenting it give off some gases and produces some
substances which are harmful to the roots especially the tender ones. I cannot
recollect the name of those substances but perhaps it was "cryptogams" (I am
afraid if I remember it correctly). In nutshell to prevent root scorching, one
should use only well rotted (about a year old) manure.

With this I will request Nina and Jim to elaborate on this.
paysantry do that since ever
the manure coming from factories is piled up with ald straw and
is let fermenting and weather under elements rain sun and so on ..
when the crops are harvested the soil is worked and this manure is
dispensed and mixed with soil so will takes 2 months of rain snow and
elements to mature it, moreover is diluted

I do not know if this year /when manured ) the soil is left to grow
wild herbs or erba medica for animal feeding or less importants ones
that provide to the soil others elements and the following year they
seed wheat or similar
I think that the proceed should be more or less this one ..


Anil Kaushik
Bonsai Club (India)
Chandigarh "The City Beautiful"




Billy M. Rhodes wrote:


In a message dated 2/9/2005 4:11:51 AM Eastern Standard Time,
writes:



Excreta of HERBEVOROUS animals is good manure provided it is well rotted.
It is used more as a buffer to improve the texture and quality of the soil,
than as a
fertilizer. But if it is not well rotted, it can be equally bad. While it
rots, it releases toxins which can be extremely harmful to the roots.

Anil Kaushik


Can you be more specific concerning the "toxins?" I know that:
1. depending upon the diet of the animal and possibly how

the

manure is collected their may be "salts" in the manure that would need to
leach out in a compost pile.
2. fresh manure, as it breaks down, can draw nitrogen from
the soil instead of adding to it.
3. some manure (chicken, but I wouldn't think ruminants) can
contain too much nitrate and that can burn plants and roots.

I guess that are mixed urines too, that means clorure of sodium
and ammonia.. at high levels


Billy on the Florida Space Coast


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