The reason the economy became so robust had nothing to do with Clinton.
It was because the introduction of technology, which increased the
productivity of each individual making companies show a great profit to
pay taxes on. He was just lucky because by history, the greatest tax
increase he gave us, (so we had less of our own money), normally would
have been a disaster.
jcart003 wrote:
Hello, this is a first for me, but it is full of subjects I now a good
bit about! In reality there is no way that a cutting from your
diseased plant would be genetically altered. The DNA damage you
mention is on a single cell level and is random. Most mutations are
fatal, and therefore the damaged cell would die. If it didn't die it
would still be only one cell out of a billion or so. The reason for
not using diseased material is to avoid spreading disease, mostly
viral. The only way to get rid of a viral disease is to do meristem
cloning and get lucky.... out of the means of most folks.
Now if you were to do (agghhhhh an over 40 moment! I can't recall
the term!) the type of cloning (using the meristem, and seperateing it
to single cells) that they do in labs now you could create a
genetically altered plant from the scenario you laid out... reactive
ox. sp. causing DNA damage..... it would be shot inthe dark.... but
that is one way to get a new/unusual clone ie in orchids.
I will stop here as I feel myself on a ramble through
bio/genetics..... there are lots of interesting permutations of
this...if you are a nerd.
ostheap (VoySager) wrote in message ...
In another (non-gardening) forum there was a comment regarding a
possibly-diseased plant, and the potential for genetic damage as a possible
contraindication to using said plant for cuttings:
-----------------
"It really sounds like a fungal infection. You could try an anti-fungal
compound, but it's probably best to make a new cutting from the
healthy material and discard the diseased part of the plant."
"There is a possibility that the disease has affected the genetic make
up of your plant which could mean that the plant (and clones made from
it) will grow slowly forever more. You might want to consider throwing
your diseased plant away and start again with healthy cuttings."
-----------------
When the claim that "disease has affected the genetic makeup of the plant" was
questioned, this was the reply:
-----------------
"The fact that plants will mutate in order to cope with stress is well known."
-----------------
...and this reference was cited:
----------------
http://people.cs.vt.edu/~ramakris/pa...resso-Pine.pdf
"The ability of a plant to protect itself against environmental stress
is essential to its survival [Alscher et°al., 1997]. Acclimation of
plants to extreme environmental conditions or to rapid changes in
growth conditions requires a global cellular response and changes in
the expression of many genes. Exposure to extremes of light intensity
and temperature, drought, and some herbicides can cause the downstream
formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS may be present in the
form of superoxide (O2â€"), hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), or the hydroxyl ion (OHâ€"). ROS, especially OHâ€", are toxic
because they can oxidize any macromolecule in the cell
[Scandalios°(ed.), 1997]. This potential threat to cellular function
can cause protein unfolding, the inactivation of enzymes, DNA damage,
mutation, lipid peroxidation, and consequent disruption of cell
membrane function.
--------------------
Since then, I've been pondering this, and searching for further references
without much success. What I'm wondering in particular is how one judges when a
stock plant is so unhealthy as to make propagating from it a bad idea because
of the possibility that mutations have occurred which would cause the clones to
grow poorly.
Obviously propagating from healthy plants is the best course of action; but I'm
interested in this from a theoretical point of view as well, as I hadn't been
aware that clones could be affected in this way.
Does anyone have comments or links to references on this subject? or is there a
better newsgroup in which to ask this?
Thanks!
Bill