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Sticklebacks and minnows AFAIK require running water, so not suitabel
for pond, tench are a better bet as they live in still or slow running
water as will roach.

I think this applies to minnows, but sticklebacks will thrive in a pond.

HOWEVER - if you want the tadpoles of frogs, toads and newts to survive,
leave sticklebacks out of it - they're pocket piranhas.

However, you may not have a lot of choice, as somehow, they seem to
appear in ponds, possibly from eggs on the feet of waterbirds - despite
the stickleback's brooding habits.

You don't have to have a rigid liner: if you dig your pit and line it
with sifted sand, preferably soft rather than sharp, you can use a quite
thin butyl sheet.

My idea of a proper pond is no liner at all, but puddled clay bottom and
sides, but of course, not all ground is suitable for this. Second best
is the butyl liner, but thought and care has to be taken if you want it
to look natural and not twee.


""""""""""""""""""""""":
Soil, covered by turf :
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯\____________ Liner
\
\

I would cut back the turf or soil surrounding the pit to the depth of
about six inches, to make a plateau for water-margin plants, and
continue the liner for a couple of feet beyond, covering it with soil
and turf.

No doubt others will come up with relevant depths for you to dive to for
different plants.

--
Rusty
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