PS I googled the info. And edited it slightly. Saves so much time.

whiteMemphis wrote:
Many thanks for this comprehensive reply, gives a good insight into the
scope of the problem, you wouldn't happen to know where I could get the
pheromone trap material by any chance, thanks again.

"Jonno" wrote in message
...

whiteMemphis wrote:
Hi all, anyone here grow apples, and if so, what do you do about
codling moth? thanks any feedback
Codling moth is not a great candidate for biological pest control, as the
larvae are well protected within the fruit for the majority of
development. However, codling moth eggs are susceptible to biological
control by Trichogramma wasps. The wasps deposit their eggs into codling
moth eggs, and the developing wasp larvae consume the moth embryo inside.
Another method for control and sampling, 'trunk banding', consists of
wrapping a corrugated cardboard strip around the tree trunk. Larvae making
their way back to the tree to pupate after the infested fruits are aborted
will use bands as pupation sites. Bands may then be removed and burned.

Codling moth infestations are often managed with pesticides. Successful
synthesis of codlemone, the codling moth female sex pheromone blend, has
led to behaviorally based monitoring and management. Pheromone traps are
used to capture male moths for monitoring and setting biofix, which is the
time of first flight for codling moth. Biofix is used with weather data to
run degree day models (see below) which predict with excellent accuracy
the phenology of the population in the field, thereby allowing growers to
time their management actions to target codling moth when they are most
susceptible. A kairomone which is a feeding attractant can be used to
capture males and females (DA lure). Mating disruption can be used to
effectively manage codling moth populations in many cases. Mating
disruption involves the use of a pheromone impregnated release device,
typically made of plastic or rubber. Dispensers are distributed throughout
the orchard and emit female pheromone at a high, relatively constant rate.
The mechanism by which mating disruption affects males is poorly
understood, it may increase the time required for males to find females,
thus reducing fecundity, or it may simply mask the position of females to
searching males, reducing mating substantially.

Recent trials of non-toxic kaolin clay-based sprays indicate that an
effective alternative means of codling moth suppression may be on the
horizon. Codling moth and other pests find leaves and fruit covered in
kaolin clay unfit for laying eggs. Tiny particles of the clay tend to
attach to their bodies, disturbing and repelling them. In addition, trees
covered in kaolin clay can make them less recognizable as habitat to
codling moths. Full coverage of trees is necessary in order to achieve
effective suppression. If used only at the beginning of the fruit growing
season, kaolin clay often comes off by itself due to wind and rain
attrition, leaving fruit clean at harvest time.

The prime difficulty in dealing with codling moth infestations seems to
lie with appropriate timing. The method of calculating 'degree-days' is
often used by orchardists to approximate when a particular pest will reach
a particular stage of development during a given season. Since stages of
insect development are triggered by the accumulation of a certain amount
of heat over time, this calculation involves careful tracking of changes
in daily temperature. In the case of codling moth, pupating larvae
emerging from bark and other overwintering spaces will migrate and burrow
into apples soon after petal fall. For a given larva, this migration takes
place within a mere two to three hours. Effective control using any method
therefore depends crucially on identifying when decisive moments such as
these occur.