For reasons you can google yourself, you can't get seeds for most kinds of bamboo. And for those you can get the seed, it takes a loooong time to get a sensible plant. Also, they probably aren't the kinds best suited to pot cultivation.

Hardy bamboos are typically hardy to about -25C (-10F), but that is hardiness in the ground. In a pot left out of doors in the winter, you would have to protect it if it looked like getting that cold. It does also need some moisture in this season, which can be difficult. The main things that potted bamboos die of in cold conditions in winter is, er, drought. Or else drowning if the drainage freezes up.

The smaller Fargesias like rufa and smaller cultivars of murieliae are good for pot cultivation, as are various Shibataea and Pleiobastus, which are small. The smaller Phyllostachys are commonly put in containers, but are harder work, since they require dividing every 2 or 3 years when their roots fill up the pot. This site has some good stuff on container cultivation of bamboos, and recommendations.
http://www.mjbanks.co.uk/homepage.htm