Thread: Heirloom Apples
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Old 05-05-2009, 06:26 PM posted to rec.gardens.edible
Bill[_13_] Bill[_13_] is offline
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Default Heirloom Apples

I
"sherwin dubren" wrote in message
...


They do offer the option of selecting rootstocks.
These people appear to be strictly organic, which is fine whenever
possible. However, certain pests like Plum Curculio, Apple Maggot,
and Coddling Moths probably will require something stronger than
Rotenone, say Imidan.

Sherwin


Guess most folks know about Rotenone and Parkinson¹s ?

Bill

1: Neurobiol Dis. 2009 May;34(2):279-90.
Links

A highly reproducible rotenone model of Parkinson's disease.
Cannon JR, Tapias V, Na HM, Honick AS, Drolet RE, Greenamyre JT.
Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of
Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
The systemic rotenone model of Parkinson's disease (PD) accurately
replicates many aspects of the pathology of human PD and has provided
insights into the pathogenesis of PD. The major limitation of the
rotenone model has been its variability, both in terms of the percentage
of animals that develop a clear-cut nigrostriatal lesion and the extent
of that lesion. The goal here was to develop an improved and highly
reproducible rotenone model of PD. In these studies, male Lewis rats in
three age groups (3, 7 or 12-14 months) were administered rotenone (2.75
or 3.0 mg/kg/day) in a specialized vehicle by daily intraperitoneal
injection. All rotenone-treated animals developed bradykinesia, postural
instability, and/or rigidity, which were reversed by apomorphine,
consistent with a lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Animals
were sacrificed when the PD phenotype became debilitating. Rotenone
treatment caused a 45% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive substantia
nigra neurons and a commensurate loss of striatal dopamine.
Additionally, in rotenone-treated animals, alpha-synuclein and
poly-ubiquitin positive aggregates were observed in dopamine neurons of
the substantia nigra. In summary, this version of the rotenone model is
highly reproducible and may provide an excellent tool to test new
neuroprotective strategies.
PMID: 19385059 [PubMed - in process]

Related articles
Subcutaneous rotenone exposure causes highly selective
dopaminergic degeneration and alpha-synuclein aggregation.
Exp Neurol. 2003 Jan; 179(1):9-16.
[Exp Neurol. 2003]
Melatonin reduces the neuronal loss, downregulation of dopamine
transporter, and upregulation of D2 receptor in rotenone-induced
parkinsonian rats.
J Pineal Res. 2008 Mar; 44(2):205-13.
[J Pineal Res. 2008]
Neurodegeneration of mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic system
induced by repeated oral administration of rotenone is prevented by
4-phenylbutyrate, a chemical chaperone.
J Neurochem. 2007 Jun; 101(6):1491-1504.
[J Neurochem. 2007]
Review
The rotenone model of parkinsonism--the five years inspection.
J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006; (70):269-72.
[J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006]
Review
Controversies on new animal models of Parkinson's disease pro and con:
the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease (PD).
J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006; (70):273-6.
[J Neural Transm Suppl. 2006]
» See reviews... | » See all...
Patient Drug Information
Apomorphine (Apokyn® ) Apomorphine is used to treat ''off''
episodes (times of difficulty moving, walking, and speaking that may
happen as medication wears off or at random) in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD; a disorder of the nervous s...
Source: AHFS Consumer Medication Information

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