I've been interested in domestic gardens in central and southern Portugal. It's clear that their pre-occupations are different - whereas we need to maximise light, they need to shade from sun. So a typical planting is a grape vine around the edge, a couple of citrus trees, and veg planted in the shade of the citrus.

If you're walking in the countryside you will come across little plots of broad beans planted in a corner of an orchard, well under the tree canopy.

I've seen similar in Greece - orchards of citrus underplanted with peppers and aubergines.