If you ever wondered....
 

.....what exactly I did for a living, look no farther:

http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/feb05/oak0205.htm
Nina. It's not off-topic: you'll learn a lot!

On 1 Feb 2005 at 12:43, Nina wrote:

....what exactly I did for a living, look no farther:

http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/feb05/oak0205.htm
Nina. It's not off-topic: you'll learn a lot!


Yes. Informative. Nice article. Nice picture . . . BUT:

"fungus-like microbe" ??????? (2nd paragraph)

Jim Lewis - - Already tired of hobbling
around (barely) and sitting with his knee elevated.

************************************************** ******************************
++++Sponsored, in part, by Mike Page++++
************************************************** ******************************
-- The IBC HOME PAGE & FAQ: http://www.internetbonsaiclub.org/ --
+++++ Questions? Help? e-mail +++++

On 1 Feb 2005 at 12:43, Nina wrote:

....what exactly I did for a living, look no farther:

http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/feb05/oak0205.htm
Nina. It's not off-topic: you'll learn a lot!

And I've already downloaded my "high-resolution" (300 dpi)
picture!

Jim Lewis - - Tallahassee, FL - and aching!

************************************************** ******************************
++++Sponsored, in part, by Mike Page++++
************************************************** ******************************
-- The IBC HOME PAGE & FAQ: http://www.internetbonsaiclub.org/ --
+++++ Questions? Help? e-mail +++++

Jim Lewis wrote:
.. BUT:

"fungus-like microbe" ??????? (2nd paragraph)

What are you objecting to? The fact that the article is written at a
7th grade level? This is because our congressmen use "Agricultural
Research" to understand the issues. [insert joke here]

Or are you wondering why it isn't called a fungus? Because the
Oomycetes have been taken out of the kingdom Fungi and put in the
Straminopiles, in the Kingdom Plantae, right next to the golden algae.
Mycologists have known this for decades (Phytophthora is diploid and
has cellulose walls- fungi are haploid and have chitin walls); we just
didn't want the aggravation of calling them "fungus-like microbes".
Nina.

Very interesting. Good picture of Nina.
It's nice to know our government is doing something constructive for a change.
Iris,
Central NY, Zone 5a, Sunset Zone 40
"A tree never hits an automobile except in self defense." - Woody Allen

On 1 Feb 2005 at 15:13, Nina wrote:

Jim Lewis wrote:
. BUT:

"fungus-like microbe" ??????? (2nd paragraph)

What are you objecting to? The fact that the article is written at a
7th grade level? This is because our congressmen use "Agricultural
Research" to understand the issues. [insert joke here]

Or are you wondering why it isn't called a fungus? Because the
Oomycetes have been taken out of the kingdom Fungi and put in the
Straminopiles, in the Kingdom Plantae, right next to the golden algae.
Mycologists have known this for decades (Phytophthora is diploid and
has cellulose walls- fungi are haploid and have chitin walls); we just
didn't want the aggravation of calling them "fungus-like microbes".
Nina.


I think I was just hoping for a more technical term -- like
"critter."

Actually, I learned somethin' here (which is always nice). I
thought Phytophthora was a fungus. So IS there a layman's
(common) term for Oomycetes (which actually sounds kinda neat).

Jim Lewis - - Tallahassee, FL - Nature
encourages no looseness, pardons no errors. Ralph Waldo Emerson

************************************************** ******************************
++++Sponsored, in part, by Mike Page++++
************************************************** ******************************
-- The IBC HOME PAGE & FAQ: http://www.internetbonsaiclub.org/ --
+++++ Questions? Help? e-mail +++++

HI Nina
Impressive..
in fact the old habit of washing the old pots with chlorine and
make our own mix using sterilized soil is still the best solution..
but after a while we put down the guard

Nina wrote:
....what exactly I did for a living, look no farther:

http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/feb05/oak0205.htm
Nina. It's not off-topic: you'll learn a lot!


--
MSN messanger / or ICQ 25 666 169 4
Private Mail :
«»«»«» Just for today... don't worry .....be happy «»«»«»

but how does it spread :air by wind , insects ?

Nina wrote:

Jim Lewis wrote:
. BUT:

"fungus-like microbe" ??????? (2nd paragraph)


What are you objecting to? The fact that the article is written at a
7th grade level? This is because our congressmen use "Agricultural
Research" to understand the issues. [insert joke here]

Or are you wondering why it isn't called a fungus? Because the
Oomycetes have been taken out of the kingdom Fungi and put in the
Straminopiles, in the Kingdom Plantae, right next to the golden algae.
Mycologists have known this for decades (Phytophthora is diploid and
has cellulose walls- fungi are haploid and have chitin walls); we just
didn't want the aggravation of calling them "fungus-like microbes".
Nina.


--
MSN messanger / or ICQ 25 666 169 4
Private Mail :
«»«»«» Just for today... don't worry .....be happy «»«»«»

Jim Lewis wrote:
Actually, I learned somethin' here (which is always nice). I
thought Phytophthora was a fungus. So IS there a layman's
(common) term for Oomycetes (which actually sounds kinda neat).


The layman's term for Oomycete is "water mold". Pythium and
Phytophthora have motile spores (they look like sperm, only they have 2
tails) that require water to spread. One of my favorite things is to
induce zoospore formation and then watch thousands of them swimming
around. They're so cute!

Here's what makes Oomycetes so versatile, however: they have 4 kinds of
spores that are dispersed in different ways. Take the sudden oak death
organism: the sporangiospores are formed *on* the leaf and are spread
by water splash from tree to tree; these burst open and release the
zoospores, which either infect leaves directly, or are spread in rivers
hundreds of miles downstream. Meanwhile, thick-walled chlamydospores
form within the leaf, and when the leaf falls off, they are buried in
the soil, where they can persist for at least a year (by my studies!).
If male colonies meet female colonies, Oospores are formed. Oospores
are the sexual stage, and can therefore recombine characters to create
more virulent organisms; they are also thick-walled, and can persist in
soils for a very long time (in other phytophthoras, for at least 10
years). Luckily, with P. ramorum, we only have one mating type in the
US, so the sexual state can't form. Yet.

Anyway, these 4 spore types explain why phytophthoras have been the
most devastating plant pathogens in history. They caused the great
potato famine that changed the history of Ireland (and made the US a
more exciting and dynamic place, thanks to the Irish immigrants who
fled here).

To turn to bonsai: you can make life inhospitable to water molds by
using clean pots and potting mix, to avoid chlamydospores and Oospores.
You should irrigate so that water doesn't spread from pot to pot,
either by pooling or by splash. You should avoid heavy potting mixes
that get soggy. And you should be careful to root-prune in a clean
place so the fresh wounds don't get inoculated.

Theo asked about spread, which I mostly answered. However, insects are
probably critical to how the fungus gets under the bark of oaks and
causes the cankers that kill them. The fungus is also spread by
hikers, on their boots, by cars, and probably by birds and deer. A
researcher in England who was working in a historic park there says it
is also spread by....... wallabies.

Nina wrote:

Theo asked about spread, which I mostly answered.
yes you did Arggh !
but very interesting
Thanks :-D

However, insects are
probably critical to how the fungus gets under the bark of oaks and
causes the cankers that kill them. The fungus is also spread by
hikers, on their boots, by cars, and probably by birds and deer. A
researcher in England who was working in a historic park there says it
is also spread by....... wallabies.
amusing .... well fecies contains a lot of alive organisms and are an
excellent vehicle for seeds also

MSN messanger / or ICQ 25 666 169 4
Private Mail :
«»«»«» Just for today... don't worry .....be happy «»«»«»