Time to fruit is usually rootstock dependent. Also depends on light
levels (how open, how much other tree shade.) If you are starting from
seeds, you have no idea what you are going to get (on average, about a
1/30,000 chance of something with commercial potential - which further
translates into "that humans would like to eat") and thus not much idea
how long it will take for any particular specimen, as they will all be
different. If you don't provide at least a few years of deer protection,
"never" may be a good bet, depending on local deer pressure.

On the other hand, you'll automatically get "adapted to clay soil" if
you plant seeds - the strong will survive and the weak will perish. You
can graft later if you want people food, or better cider types, or
whatever.

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