decade of the twenty-first century. There were
also large quantities of merely utilitarian literature -- indispensable
technical manuals, and the like -- that had to be treated in the same way.
It was chiefly in order to allow time for the preliminary work of
translation that the final adoption of Newspeak had been fixed for so late
a date as 2050.

1949

________
[1] Newspeak was the official language of Oceania. For an account of its
structure and etymology see Appendix.
[2] Compound words such as speakwrite, were of course to be found in the A
vocabulary, but these were merely convenient abbreviations and had no
special ideologcal colour.


THE END

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GEORGE ORWELL: 'NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR', A NOVEL
First published by Secker & Warburg, London in 1949

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'Nineteen Eighty-Four'
Appendix
THE PRINCIPLES OF NEWSPEAK

Newspeak was the official language of Oceania and had been devised to
meet the ideological needs of Ingsoc, or English Socialism. In the year
1984 there was not as yet anyone who used Newspeak as his sole means of
communication, either in speech or writing. The leading articles in the
Times were written in it, but this was a tour de force which could only
be carried out by a specialist. It was expected that Newspeak w