Billy, Henrik, and Michael

Thank you for the fruitful information. I think the shape of the nodules was globular like small beads in a thread. Why I suspect these to be of Nematodes is because in India dung manure is freely used as a buffer in making compost and unfortunately it is not treated or sterilized. The infected plant keeps on growing although slowly. And in a bid to survive I think the plant struggles and keeps on throwing new roots. Can Nina correct me on this observation please?

Regards

Anil Kaushik
Bonsai Club (India)


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(Anil Kaushik) wrote:
Thank you for the fruitful information. I think the shape of the
nodules was globular like small beads in a thread. Why I suspect
these to be of Nematodes is because in India dung manure is freely
used as a buffer in making compost and unfortunately it is not
treated or sterilized. The infected plant keeps on growing although
slowly. And in a bid to survive I think the plant struggles and keeps
on throwing new roots. Can Nina correct me on this observation
please?

Hi Anil! You kept me busy. First I tried to find out if members of
the Nyctagineaceae had any nitrogen-fixing symbionts that made root
nodules. A number of plants do, and these nodules are often mistaken
for nematode galls. I found nothing, however. So then I looked
around for information on the nematode susceptibility of more common
plants in the Nyctaginaceae (such as Bougainvillea and Mirabilis; Neea
is rather obscure). I found that neither of those is very
susceptible; a susceptible plant will have "beads on a thread" as you
described, but a less susceptible plant will only have a few scattered
galls. So I have no idea what those swellings are- as someone
suggested, cutting one open and examining it under a dissecting scope
would answer the question in a minute.

As for manu manure would contain one heck of a lot of nematodes,
but not PLANT PATHOGENIC ones. 99% of nematodes are free-living
saprophytes, without whom we would be wading in manure. Very few are
parasites of animals or plants. The plant parasites would not be in
manure, so I wouldn't worry about it. Plant pathogenic nematodes
generally spread VERY SLOWLY in soil, or are transported by farm
machinery in caked mud. Foliar nematodes can be spread by water
splash.

If uncomposted manure had an adverse effect on bonsai, it would be due
to the production of ammonium, which is toxic to plants at high
concentrations.

Nina.

(Anil Kaushik) wrote:
Thank you for the fruitful information. I think the shape of the
nodules was globular like small beads in a thread. Why I suspect
these to be of Nematodes is because in India dung manure is freely
used as a buffer in making compost and unfortunately it is not
treated or sterilized. The infected plant keeps on growing although
slowly. And in a bid to survive I think the plant struggles and keeps
on throwing new roots. Can Nina correct me on this observation
please?

Hi Anil! You kept me busy. First I tried to find out if members of
the Nyctagineaceae had any nitrogen-fixing symbionts that made root
nodules. A number of plants do, and these nodules are often mistaken
for nematode galls. I found nothing, however. So then I looked
around for information on the nematode susceptibility of more common
plants in the Nyctaginaceae (such as Bougainvillea and Mirabilis; Neea
is rather obscure). I found that neither of those is very
susceptible; a susceptible plant will have "beads on a thread" as you
described, but a less susceptible plant will only have a few scattered
galls. So I have no idea what those swellings are- as someone
suggested, cutting one open and examining it under a dissecting scope
would answer the question in a minute.

As for manu manure would contain one heck of a lot of nematodes,
but not PLANT PATHOGENIC ones. 99% of nematodes are free-living
saprophytes, without whom we would be wading in manure. Very few are
parasites of animals or plants. The plant parasites would not be in
manure, so I wouldn't worry about it. Plant pathogenic nematodes
generally spread VERY SLOWLY in soil, or are transported by farm
machinery in caked mud. Foliar nematodes can be spread by water
splash.

If uncomposted manure had an adverse effect on bonsai, it would be due
to the production of ammonium, which is toxic to plants at high
concentrations.

Nina.

Thank you very much Nina for taking all the trouble! In fact these root
nodules were in Ficus benghalensis and Chinese elm and not in Neea
buxifolia. There were two different topics. Any ways you have enriched my
knowledge about Nematodes and also those of the members of our club.

Regards

Anil Kaushik
Bonsai Club (India)
Chandigarh


----- Original Message -----
From: "Nina Shishkoff"
To:
Sent: Monday, September 13, 2004 6:57 PM
Subject: [IBC] Root Nodules and Neea buxifolia


(Anil Kaushik) wrote:
Thank you for the fruitful information. I think the shape of the
nodules was globular like small beads in a thread. Why I suspect
these to be of Nematodes is because in India dung manure is freely
used as a buffer in making compost and unfortunately it is not
treated or sterilized. The infected plant keeps on growing although
slowly. And in a bid to survive I think the plant struggles and keeps
on throwing new roots. Can Nina correct me on this observation
please?

Hi Anil! You kept me busy. First I tried to find out if members of
the Nyctagineaceae had any nitrogen-fixing symbionts that made root
nodules. A number of plants do, and these nodules are often mistaken
for nematode galls. I found nothing, however. So then I looked
around for information on the nematode susceptibility of more common
plants in the Nyctaginaceae (such as Bougainvillea and Mirabilis; Neea
is rather obscure). I found that neither of those is very
susceptible; a susceptible plant will have "beads on a thread" as you
described, but a less susceptible plant will only have a few scattered
galls. So I have no idea what those swellings are- as someone
suggested, cutting one open and examining it under a dissecting scope
would answer the question in a minute.

As for manu manure would contain one heck of a lot of nematodes,
but not PLANT PATHOGENIC ones. 99% of nematodes are free-living
saprophytes, without whom we would be wading in manure. Very few are
parasites of animals or plants. The plant parasites would not be in
manure, so I wouldn't worry about it. Plant pathogenic nematodes
generally spread VERY SLOWLY in soil, or are transported by farm
machinery in caked mud. Foliar nematodes can be spread by water
splash.

If uncomposted manure had an adverse effect on bonsai, it would be due
to the production of ammonium, which is toxic to plants at high
concentrations.

Nina.


************************************************** **************************
****
++++Sponsored, in part, by Evergreen Gardenworks++++

************************************************** **************************
****
-- The IBC HOME PAGE & FAQ: http://www.internetbonsaiclub.org/ --
+++++ Questions? Help? e-mail +++++


************************************************** ******************************
++++Sponsored, in part, by Evergreen Gardenworks++++
************************************************** ******************************
-- The IBC HOME PAGE & FAQ: http://www.internetbonsaiclub.org/ --
+++++ Questions? Help? e-mail +++++

(Anil Kaushik) wrote in message ...
Thank you very much Nina for taking all the trouble! In fact these root
nodules were in Ficus benghalensis and Chinese elm and not in Neea
buxifolia.

That makes it sooo much easier. Gall nematodes are fairly
host-specific, and so it's unlikely that one thing is causing the
symptoms you see on both plants. Fig is attacked by a *cyst*
nematode: the nodules on roots would therefore be the actual swollen
bodies of nematodes, not galls. You should be able to see this with a
handlens.

If you are easily amused, you will enjoy
http://www.ceris.purdue.edu/napis/pe.../handbook.html

I especially like the vintage black-and-white photographs.

Nina